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sampeter
2009-5-3 15:07
# 1
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1360¦~Henry de Vick¥Îª÷Äݧ÷®Æ»s³y¤F¾ú¥v¤W²Ä¤@­Ó«Ç¤º®ÉÄÁ¡A®Ú¾Ú³o­ÓÄÁªº³]­p¡A«á´Áªº²£«~¦³¨Ç·|¥Î¤ì§÷¥N´À¤Fª÷Äݾ¦½ü¡C
Verge and foliot escapement


An early clock


The de Vick Clock(Verge and foliot clocks)

Replica of an early 17th-century clock with a foliot-and-verge escapement mechanism. An early wood gear clock

³o¨Çµo®i¡A¨ä¹ê¥Ñ©ó·í®É§Mª÷§Þ³N¸¨«á¡A³Ì®e©öªº¥N´À§÷®Æ´N¬O¤ì§÷¡C¦b17¥@¬öªº¼w°ê¤s°Ï¡A¤u¦K­Ì´¶¹M·|¥Î¤ì§÷§@¬°¾÷ªä¾¦½ü¡C¤ì¾¦½ü¾÷ªäªº唂©BÄÁ¤j¬ù¦b1750¦~µo®i¶}¨Ó¡C
¤¤°ê§º¥N
1090¦~¡A¤¤°ê§º¥NĬ¹|«Ø¤ô¹B»ö¶H¥x¡A¥H¤ô¿E½ü¡B½üÂà»s¦¨¤¤°ê°ß¤@¦³»¡©úªº¦Û°Ê¤ô¹B¤Ñ¤å»ö¶H¤Î¦Û°Ê³ø®É¤Ñ¤å¥x¡A¥iÀH¦a²y¦ÛÂ઺°lÂÜÆ[¬P¸Ë¸m¡A¤ñ¦è¤èÄÁ¿ö¦­¤F600¦~¡FĬ¹|µ¥¤H«Ø³yªº¤ô¹B»ö¶H»O»O°ª¤T¤V¤­¤Ø¤»¤o¦h¡A¬Û·í©ó¤T¡B¥|¼h¼Ó¨º»ò°ª¡A¤À¬°¤T¼h¡G³Ì¤W¤@¼h¦³¤@­Ó¤p¤ì«Î¡A«Î¤¤¦w¸Ë¦³´ý»ö©M¦cªí¡C·í¥Î´ý»öÆ[´ú®É¡A¤p«Î«Î³»´N¥i¥H¦Û°Ê¥´¶}¡AÅS¥X´ý»ö¡C³oºØ¸Ë¸m¥i¥H»¡¬O²{¥N¤Ñ¤å»O¬¡°Ê«Î³»ªº»ó¯ª¡C²Ä¤G¼h¬O´ý¶H¡A´ý¶Hªº¶ê²y¤Wű¦³283­Ó¬P©x¡A¦@­p1464ÁûùÚ¬P¡A¥Î28±ø¸g½u±N28±J¹j¶}¡C´ý¶H¶ê²y¸Ë¦b¦aÂd¤¤¡A¤@¥bÅS¦bÂd¥~¡A¥NªíµÛ¦a¥­½u¤Wªº¥b­Ó¤ÑªÅ¡C³Ì¤U¼h´N¬O½ÆÂøªº³ø®É¨t²Î¡A¥¦¦³¤­¼h¤p¤ì»Õ¡A¨C­Ó¤p¤ì»Õ¤¤³£¦³¤£¦P¼Æ¥Øªº¤p¤ì¤H¡C²Ä¤@¡B¤G¡B¤T¼h¤¤ªº¤p¤ì¤H­t³d³ø§i¤@¤Ñ¤ºªº®É¨°©M®É¨è¡A¥|¡B¤­¼h¤¤ªº¤p¤ì¤H­t³d³ø§i©]¸Ìªº®É¨°©M§óÂI¡C
¾ã­Ó¤ô¹B»ö¶H»O¥Hº|³ý¤¤ªº¤ô¬°ÅX°Ê¤O¡A³q¹L¤@®M¶Ç°Ê¸Ë¸m©M¤@­Ó¾÷½üÁpµ²¦b¤@°_¡A»P¤Ñ²y¦P¨B¹BÂà¡A¹G¯u¦Û°Ê¦aºt¥Ü¤F¤Ñ¶HªºÅܤơC



¥xÆW°ê¥ß¦ÛµM¬ì¾Ç³Õª«À]©Ò®i¥Ü¤§¤ô¹B»ö¶H¥x¬O¨Ì¾ÚĬ¹|©Ò¼¶¡u·s»ö¶Hªk­n¡vªº¤åÄm¤º®e¬ã¨s´_­ì¦Ó¦¨¡A¬°¥@¬É²Ä¤@®y¥\¯à§¹³Æ¤§­ì¤Ø¤o¤ì¼Ë¼Ò«¬¡C­ì¥ó¨Ì¥_§º®É´ÁĬ¹|©MÁú¤½·Gµ¥¤H©Ò³]­p»s§@ªº¡C


¾àÁa¸Ë¸mµ²ºc¹Ï


¤ô¹B»ö¶H¥x---²Ó³¡µ²ºc¤ÀªR
http://web2.nmns.edu.tw/Web-Title/china/StructGame.htm
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1715¦~«e¡A»·¦b­^°êªº¬ù¿«・«¢¨½»¹John Harrison ¡A¦bÄÁÂ\¬ã¨s¹Lµ{¤¤¡A¤]´¿³y¤F¨â­Ó¤ì»s¾÷ªä¾¦½ü®y¦a®ÉÄÁ¡C¬ù¿«・«¢¨½»¹¬O¦Û¾Ç¤Ñ¤~¡A¥L¬ã¨sÄÁ¿ö§Þ³N®É¡A¥Î¤ì§÷¥N´Àª÷ÄÝ»s³y¤F·Ç½Tªº®ÉÄÁ¡A¦b1722¦~¡A¬ù¿«・«¢¨½»¹»P¥Lªº¥S§Ì¸â©i´µ¦bBrocklesby¤½¶é­×«Ø¤F¤@­Ó¤ì¾¦½ü¾÷ªäªº¶ðÄÁ¡A³o­Ó®ÉÄÁ¤µ¤Ñ¤´µM¹B¦æ¡C


¸g½n«×ªº¬G¨Æ~~~¯è®ü¤Ñ¤åÄÁªºµo©ú

½Ð«ö¹Ï¤ù¬Ý¸Ô­z

¦b1728¦~¡A¥L­×³y¤F¼Æ­Ó¤ì¾¦½üªººë½T®ÉÄÁregulator clock¡A¥L±Ä¥Î·U³Ð¾ðªº¯Sµw¤ì§÷§@¾àÁa½üªº§÷®Æ¡A¥ÎÅK±ù¤ì³y¦¨¤p¾¦½ü¡C
The John Harrison clock at Nostell Priory

¦b¥L¬ã¨sµo©ú·Å«×¸ÉÀvÄÁÂ\gridiron pendulumªº¹Lµ{¤¤¡A¥L§Q¥Î¤ì»sªººë½T®ÉÄÁ¡A¨Ó¦Lµý·Å«×¸ÉÀvÄÁÂ\gridiron pendulumªºÂ\«ß¡C
experiments to design gridiron pendulum

¦b³o¨Ç´ú¸Õ¦¨¥\¤§«á¡A¥L¤~¯àÄ~Äò­×³y¥Lªº¥|­Ó¯è®üÄÁmarine clock¡CH1¥]§t¤F¤ì¾¦½ü¡A¦}¥B¦¨¥\»·¯è¨Ó¦^­^­Û¨ì¨½´µ¥»¡C
Marine timekeeper (H1), front

Marine timekeeper (H1), side

winding wheels

Marine timekeeper (H1), side and back

front view

side view

H2©MH3¬O§ï¥Î¶À»É§@³yÄÁ§÷®Æ¡A¦ý¥¼´¿³y¹L»·¯è´ú¸Õ¡C
Marine timekeeper (H2), front

Marine timekeeper (H2), side

Marine timekeeper (H2), front and side

Marine timekeeper (H3), front

Marine timekeeper (H3), back and side

Marine timekeeper (H3) with case

¥Lªº¤ì¾¦½üºë½T®ÉÄÁregulator clock·Ç½T«×¹F¦Ü¨C­Ó¤ë1¬í»~®t¡AµM«á½Õ¾ã¥Lªº¯è®üÄÁ¨Ó¹ï·Ç¡A¤~¹ê¦b°µ®ü¬v¸ÕÅç¡CH4¬O·¥ºÝ­«­n©M¥i¶Qªºµo©ú¡A¦]¬°¥¦ªº¦¨´N¡A±À°Ê¤Fªk°ê©M­^°ê¯è®üÄÁªºµo®i¡C
Marine timekeeper (H4), obverse

Marine timekeeper (H4), open upper plate

1785¦~¡AJohn Arnold©MThomas Earnshaw¶}µo¤F²{¥N¯è®üÄÁªº¥­¿Å¥~´ß³]­p¡C



This is a typical example of Earnshaw's marine chronometers

Earnshaw's Chronometer Escapement


Chronometer Escapement

Train of Marine Chronometer

¡m«ÝÄò¡n

¤Þ¥Î

sampeter
2009-5-3 15:08
# 2
America Wood Clocks Industry¬ü°ê¤ì®ÉÄÁ¤u·~
¦b1800¦~¥H«e¡A¬ü°ê·s­^®æÄõ¤w¸g¶}®i¤F¤ì¾÷ªä®ÉÄÁªº¤u·~¡C¦h¤Ö¦~¨Ó¡A­^°ê¶T©ö¸T¹B¡A¨¾¤î¤F¶À»É©M½èÀuªº¿û§÷¨ì¹F³o­Ó·sªº°ê®a¡Cªi¤h¹y¯ù¸­¨Æ¥óªºµo¥Í¡A¥¿Åã¥Ü¤F¥_¬ü¬w´Ó¥Á¤£º¡¥H°ªµ|ª÷ÁʶR­^°êªºª««~¡A¨ä¤¤¥]¬A¨Ó¦Û­^°êªº®yÄÁ¡C



ÄÁ¬O·í¥Nªº°ª§Þ³N²£«~¡A­^°ê¤H¤Þ¥H¦Û»¨ªº¥Í²£µo©ú¡A¦]¬°¥«³õ»Ý¨D«Ü¤j¡A¬G¦¹·í¦aÄÁ¦K¾Ç·|¤F§Q¥Î¤ì§÷§÷®Æ¶}®i°µÄÁ¤u·~¡F¦b»s³y¹Lµ{¤¤¡A¥u¦³´X­Ó¹s¥ó¥Ñ¿û©Î¶À»É»s¦¨¡A¨Ò¦p¾àÁa½ü©M¾àÁa¤e¡C¹B¥Î·sªº»s³y¤èªk¡A±N¦UÃþ®ÉÄÁ¾¦½ü¼W¥[¹s¥óªº¤¬´«©Ê¡A®ÉÄÁµo®i¦¨¿W¯Sªº¬ü°ê¦¡¼Ë¡C

wooden movement








1837¦~¡AChauncey Jerome¬ãµo¤F¶À»Éª÷Äݤu·~§Þ³N»s³yÄÁ¿ö¡A¨ä«á§O¤H¥é®Ä¡A¤ì®ÉÄÁ®É¥Nµ²§ô¡C







¼w°ê唂©BÄÁcuckoo clock
1600¦~´Á¶¡¼w°ê¶Â´ËªL¦a°Ïªº¤H¥Á¡A¹A¯Ñ¤u§@ªº®É¶¡¬O«D±`¦³­­¡C¦bº©ªøªº¥V¤Ñ¡A³h¹A¬°¤Fºû«ù¥Í­p¡A³£·|¤Æ¨­¦¨¬°¤u¦K¡Aµo®i¤@¨Ç¤â¤u·~»s§@¡A¥L­Ì¤§¤¤¦³¨Ç¬Oµe®v¡B³]­p®a¡A¼Æ¾Çºtºâ®a©MÀJ¨è®a¡AÁa¦X¤@¨Ç¹ê¥Îªº§Þ¯à¡A¶}µo¤F¤@®M¾÷±ñµ²ºc®ÉÄÁ¾÷ªäªº·½«¬¡C¥D­n¥H¤ì§÷§@­ì®Æ¡A©Ò¦³³o¨Ç¤u¦K³q¹L¥L­Ì¼ô½mªº¤â¤u¦b¶Â´ËªL¦a°Ï¸Ì¡Aµ²¦X¤F¥L­Ìªº§Þ¯à¡A¶}©l­×³y¤ì¾÷ªä®ÉÄÁ¡C















¦b»s³y¹Lµ{¤¤¡A¤£Â_§ï¶i®ÉÄÁªº½è¶q¡AÁٳХߤF·í¦a¿W¦³ªº¤@®M®ÉÄÁ¯S¼x¡A·í¤¤¤]¥]¬A¥~«¬ªº³W®æ¡A³Ì²×ºt¤Æ¦¨²{¦bªº唂©BÄÁ¡C¥t¥~¡A¥Ñ©óºt¶i¹Lµ{­nÁa¦X¤£¦Pªº¬ì¾Ç¤Î§Þ³N¡A¤]«P¶i¤F·í¦aÄÁ¿ö±M¬ì¾Ç®Õªº²Õ¦¨¡F¼w°êÄÁ¿ö¤Î¬ì¬ãµo®iªº¦¨´N¡A¨ä¹ê³£¬O¦b³o®É«Ø¥ß°ò¦¡C
¶Â´ËªL¥¬âB³¾ÄÁªºµo®i¡A¬°°Ï°ì±a¥X«Ü¦h±Òµo¡A¼w°êµÛ¦WªºStrasburg¤j±Ð°ó®ÉÄÁ¡A¶¯Âû¦b¨C­Ó¤p®É¥´»ï«Å§G¤p®É®É¶¡¡A³£¬O¥é·Ó¥¬âB³¾ÄÁªº¥´»ï¤è¦¡¡C



¤j¬ù1750¦~¡A«Ø³y¤FµÛ¦Wªº"Schottenuhr" clock~(special Black Forest painted wooden shield clock¶Â´ËªL¤âøªº¤ì¬Þ«¬ÄÁ­±®ÉÄÁ)¡A¨Ã¶}©l¥X²{¦b®ÉÄÁªí½Lªº¤W­±¦³¤@­Ó¤pªù¡A§ùÃY³¾·|±q¤pªù¥X¨Ó³ø®É¡A³o¨Ç®ÉÄÁ³]­p«D±`½ÆÂø¤S·¥¤§µ}¦³¡C

Early cuckoo clock, Black Forest, 1760-1780






«Ü§Ö¥¬âB³¾ÄÁªº·sªº«~ºØ¤S¥X²{¡A¥~´ß¥HÅK¸ô©Ð¤lªº§Î¦¡°t¤W²`´Ä¦â¾ó¤ìÄÁ­±¡C¨º®É¥Í²£ªº¤ì¬[®ÉÄÁ¡A³£¬O¥Î­«Áè±a°Ê¾÷ªä¾¦½ü¡A¬°®ÉÄÁ´£¨Ñ°Ê¤Oªº¡C¨üªk°ê¤uÃÀ¤å¤Æ¼vÅT¡A¥¬âB³¾ÄÁªº¥~«¬ÀJ¶ì±o«D±`²Ó½o¡A«Ü¦³ÃÀ³N©Ê¡C









¼w°ê©B©BÄÁªº¾ú¥v³Ì¦­¬O¤@¹ï¦W¥s®w¯÷ªº¼w°ê¥S§Ìµo©ú¤F²Ä¤@®y¥@¬É¤W³Ì¦­°Ý¥@ªº¤ì¬[ÄÁ¡A³o¬O©B©BÄÁªº«e¨­¡A«á¨Ó¤@¦ìªk®Ô¦w¹y¡D³Í¯Sº¸¥ý¥Í¥©§®¦a¥Î­·½c­ì²z¡A³]­p¥XÅýÄÁ¥i¥Hµo¥X»P¥¬½\³¾¬Û¦üªººqÁn¡A¦Ó§¹¦¨¤F¥@¬É¤W²Ä¤@®y©B©BÄÁ¡A©B©BÄÁ·~¦Û¦¹¨³³tµo®i¡A¾ÌµÛ³]­p®v­Ìªº·Q¹³¤O¡A¦bÄÁªºµ²ºc©M¥~Æ[¤W±o¨ì³\¦hªº§ï¨}¡A¤]´N¬O²{¦b§Ú­Ì©Ò¼ô±xªº©B©BÄÁ¥~«¬¡C©B©BÄÁ¨Ï¥Î¶Ç²Îªº¤â¤uÀJ¨è§Þªk¨Ó¸Ë¹¢¥~Æ[¡A¨Ã§Q¥Î¾÷±ñ°Ê¤O¥H¤Î¾¦½ü­ì²z¡A³]­p¤F¦UºØ¤£¦Pªº°ÊºA¤ì°¸¡A¨Ò¦p¹³¬å¤ì§÷¡B³Ü°à°s¡B¤ô¨®ªºÂà°Ê¡B¸õ»Rµ¥¡A³o¨Çºë¥©¦³½ìªº°Ê°¸¡A°t¤W­µ¼Ö»P©B©B³¾»ïÁn¡A±N¶Â´ËªL¦a°Ïªº¥Í¬¡ªí²{µL¿ò¡C





















©B©BÄÁ¤£¦P©ó¤@¯ë¾÷±ñÄÁ¡A°£¤F¥Î©B©B³¾¥sÁn³ø®É¥~¡A¤]§Q¥Î¤F¶Ç²ÎªºÀJ¨è§Þªk¡A¥Î¤ìÀJ¸Ë¹¢¦UºØ©B©BÄÁ¡AÀJ¨è¥]¬A¸­¤l¡BÂy¤H³]­p©ÎªÌ¤@­Ó·L«¬©Ð¤l¡F§ó¯S§Oªº¬O¥Î¾÷±ñ­ì²z¡A³]­p¤F¤£¦Pªº·|°Ê¤ì°¸¡A¦p¬å§÷¡B³Ü°à°s¡B¤ô¨®ªºÂà°Ê ¡B¸õ»Rµ¥¡Dºë¥©¦³½ìªº°Ê°¸¡A°t¤W­µ¼Ö»P³¾»ï,±N¶Â´ËªLªº¥Í¬¡ªí²{¦b®ÉÄÁ¤W¡C¶Â´ËªL©B©BÄÁÅܦ¨¤F¥@¬Éª¾¦Wªº¦a°Ï¤å¤Æ¡A¤S¬O¬ì§Þ»PÃÀ³N´|¦Xªºµ²´¹¡A¤ñ¤@¥÷¬üÄRªº¬ö©À«~§ó¦h¤@¨Ç¹ê¥Î©MÆ[½à»ù­È¡C





world¡¦s largest cuckoo clock


(All Pictures are borrowed)


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sampeter
2009-5-3 15:12
# 3
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2010-12-18 17:32
# 4
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2010-12-30 01:39
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2011-1-3 20:06
# 6
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2011-2-25 21:40
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2011-4-20 20:19
# 8
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2011-5-10 11:15
# 9
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kimiko43
2011-5-11 12:01
# 10
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